1. Jiaju, Qi, Lei, Lei, Thorsteinn Jonsson & Lajos, Hanzo, “Electric Bus Charging Schedules Relying on Real Data-Driven Targets Based on Hierarchical Deep Reinforcement Learning”, IEEE Access, early access, May 2025.

 

2. Qi, J., Lei, L., Jonsson, T. & Niyato, D., “Optimizing Electric Bus Charging Scheduling With Uncertainties Using Hierarchical Deep Reinforcement Learning”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, early access, March 2025.

 

3. Lei, L., Zheng, K., Mei, J. & Shen, X., “VoI-Driven Joint Optimization of Control and Communication in Vehicular Digital Twin Network”, IEEE Network, early access, December 2024.

 

4. Yu, C., Meng, Z., Zhang, W, Lei, L., Ni, J., Zhang, K. & Zhao, H., “Secure and Efficient Federated Learning Against Model Poisoning Attacks in Horizontal and Vertical Data Partitioning”, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, 36(6): 10913–10927, November 2024.

 

5. Zheng, K., Xu, R., Mei, J., Yang, H., Lei, L. & Wang, X., “Ambient IoT towards 6G: Standardization, Potentials, and Challenges”, IEEE Access, 12: 146668–146677, October 2024.

 

6. Liu, T., Lei, L., Zheng, K. & Shen, X., “Multitimescale control and communications with deep reinforcement learning—Part I: Communication-aware vehicle control”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 11(9): 15386–15401, December 2023.

 

7. Lei, L., Liu, T., Zheng, K. & Shen, X., “Multitimescale control and communications with deep reinforcement learning—Part II: Control-aware radio resource allocation”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 11(9): 15475–15489, December 2023.

 

8. Lei, L., Zhang, H. & Yang, S., “ChatGPT in connected and autonomous vehicles: benefits and challenges”, Intelligence & Robotics, 3(2): 144–147, May 2023.

 

9. Rouzbahani, H., Karimipour, H. & Lei, L., “Optimizing resource swap functionality in IoE-based grids using approximate reasoning reward-based adjustable deep double Q-learning”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 69(3): 522–532, May 2023.

 

10. Qi, J., Lei, L., Zheng, K. & Yang, S., “Optimal Scheduling in Smart Isolated Microgrids Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 10(8): 16284–16299, April 2023.

 

11. Rouzbahani, H., Karimipour, H. & Lei, L., “Multi-layer defense algorithm against deep reinforcement learning-based intruders in smart grids”, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 146: 108798, March 2023.

 

12. Liu, T., Lei, L., Zheng, K. & Zhang, K., “Autonomous Platoon Control with Integrated Deep Reinforcement Learning and Dynamic Programming”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 10(6): 5476–5489, November 2022.

 

13. Rouzbahani, H., Karimipour, H. & Lei, L., “Optimizing scheduling policy in smart grids using probabilistic Delayed Double Deep Q-Learning (P3DQL) algorithm”, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 53: 102712, October 2022.

 

14. Lei, L., Liu, T., Zheng, K. & Hanzos, L., “Deep Reinforcement Learning Aided Platoon Control Relying on V2X Information”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 71(6): 5811–5826, 2022.

 

15. Boin C., Lei L. & Yang S., “AVDDPG – Federated Reinforcement Learning Applied to Autonomous Platoon Control”, Intelligence & Robotics, 2(2): 145–67, 2022.

 

16. Zheng K., Yang H., Liu S., Zhang K. & Lei L., “A Behaviour Decision Method Based on Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 9(24): 25386–25394, 2022.

 

17. Rouzbahani, H., Karimipour, H. & Lei, L., “A Review on Virtual Power Plant for Energy Management”, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 47: 101370, 2021.

 

18. Lei, L., Tan, Y., Dahlenburg, G., Xiang, W. & Zheng, K., “Dynamic Energy Dispatch Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning in IoT-Driven Smart Isolated Microgrids”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 8(10): 7938–7953, 2021.

 

19. Qi, J., Zhou, Q., Lei, L. & Zheng, K., “Federated Reinforcement Learning: Techniques, Applications, and Open Challenges”, Intelligence & Robotics, 1(1): 18–57, May 2021.

 

20. Lei, L., Tan, Y., Zheng, K., Liu, S., Zhang, K. & Shen, X., “Deep Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Internet of Things: Model, Applications and Challenges”, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 22(3): 1722–1760, 2020.

 

21. Qi J., Lei L., Zheng K., Wang X., “Patent Analytic Citation-Based VSM: Challenges and Applications”, IEEE Access, 8: 17464–17476, 2020.

 

22. Xiong, X., Zheng, K., Lei, L. & Hou, L., “Resource Allocation Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning in IoT Edge Computing”, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 36(8): 1133–1146, 2020.

 

23. Yuan, P., Zheng, K., Xiong, X., Zhang, K. & Lei, L., “Performance Modeling and Analysis of a Hyperledger-based System using GSPN”, Computer Communications, 153: 117–124, 2020.

 

24. L. Lei, H. Xu, X. Xiong, K. Zheng, X. Xiang, and X. Wang, “Multi-user Resource Control with Deep Reinforcement Learning in IoT Edge Computing”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 6(6): 10119–10133, Dec. 2019.

 

25. L. Lei, J. Qi, and K. Zheng, “Patent Analytics Based on Feature Vector Space Model: A Case of IoT”, IEEE Access, 7: 45705–45715, 2019.

 

26. P. Yuan, X. Xiong, L. Lei, and K. Zheng, “Design and Implementation on Hyperledger-Based Emission Trading System”, IEEE Access, 7: 6109–6116, 2019.

 

27. L. Lei, H. Xu, X. Xiong, K. Zheng, and X. Xiang, “Joint Computation Offloading and Multi-User Scheduling using Approximate Dynamic Programming in NB-IoT Edge Computing System”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 6(3): 5345–5362, June 2019.

 

28. L. Hou, K. Zheng, L. Lei, and X. Wang, “A Q-Learning based Proactive Caching Strategy for Non-safety Related Services in Vehicular Networks”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 6(3): 4512–4520, June 2019.

 

29. Z. Yang, K. Zhang, L. Lei, K. Zheng, “A Novel Classifier Exploiting Mobility Behaviors for Sybil Detection in Connected Vehicle Systems”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 6(2): 2626–2636, April 2019.

 

30. Yang, Z., Yang, K., Lei, L., Zheng, K. & Leung, V. C. M., “Blockchain-Based Decentralized Trust Management in Vehicular Networks”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 6(2): 1495–1505, April 2019.

 

31. J. Mei, K. Zheng, L. Zhao, L. Lei, X. Wang, “Joint Radio Resource Allocation and Control for Vehicle Platooning in LTE-V2V Network”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 67(12): 12218–12230, Dec. 2018.

 

32. L. Lei, X. Xiong, L. Hou, K. Zheng, “Collaborative Edge Caching through Service Function Chaining: Architecture and Challenges”, IEEE Wireless Communications, 25(3): 94–102, June 2018.

 

33. T. McNabb, T. Myers, K. Wicking, L. Lei, W. Xiang, “Optimizing spatial healthcare assets with Internet of Things”, Health Information Science and Systems, 6(1): 11, 2018.

 

34. N. Cheng, H. Zhou, L. Lei, N. Zhang, Y. Zhou, X. Shen, F. Bai, “Performance Analysis of Vehicular Device-to-Device Underlay Communication”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 66(6): 5409–5421, June 2017.

 

35. K. Zheng, H. Wang, H. Li, W. Xiang, L. Lei, J. Qiao, X. Shen, “Energy-efficient localization and tracking of mobile devices in wireless sensor networks”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 66(3): 2714–2726, March 2017.

 

36. H. Liu, H. Yang, K. Zheng, L. Lei, “Resource allocation schemes in multi-vehicle cooperation systems”, Journal of Communications and Information Networks, 2(2): 113–125, 2017.

 

37. L. Lei, Q. Hao, and Z. Zhong, “Mode Selection and Resource Allocation in Device-to-Device Communications with User Arrivals and Departures”, IEEE Access, 4: 5209–5222, 2016.

 

38. L. Lei, Y. Kuang, X. Shen, K. Yang, J. Qiao, and Z. Zhong, “Optimal Reliability in Energy Harvesting Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 15(8): 5399–5413, August 2016.

 

39. L. Lei, Y. Kuang, N. Cheng, X. Shen, Z. Zhong, and C. Lin, “Delay-Optimal Dynamic Mode Selection and Resource Allocation in Device-to-Device Communications - Part I: Optimal Policy”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 65(5): 3474–3490, May 2016.

 

40. L. Lei, Y. Kuang, N. Cheng, X. Shen, Z. Zhong, and C. Lin, “Delay-Optimal Dynamic Mode Selection and Resource Allocation in Device-to-Device Communications - Part II: Practical Algorithm”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 65(5): 3491–3505, May 2016.

 

41. L. Lei, J. Lu, Y. Jiang, X. Shen, Y. Li, Z. Zhong, and C. Lin, “Stochastic Delay Analysis for Train Control Services in Next Generation High-Speed Railway Communications System”, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 17(1): 48–64, Jan. 2016.

 

42. Z. Yang, Q. Zhou, L. Lei, K. Zheng, W. Xiang, “An IoT-cloud based wearable ECG monitoring system for smart healthcare”, Journal of Medical Systems, 40(12): 286, 2016.

 

43. K. Zheng, L. Hou, H. Meng, Q. Zheng, N. Lu, L. Lei, “Soft-defined heterogeneous vehicular network: architecture and challenges”, IEEE Network, 30(4): 72–80, 2016.

 

44. Z. Yang, B. Wu, K. Zheng, X. Wang, L. Lei, “A survey of collaborative filtering-based recommender systems for mobile Internet applications”, IEEE Access, 4: 3273–3287, 2016.

 

45. H. Yang, K. Zheng, L. Lei, W. Xiang, “Heterogeneous Vehicular Networks for Social Networks: Requirements and Challenges”, ZTE Communications, 29(1), 2016.

 

46. K. Zheng, H. Meng, P. Chatzimisios, L. Lei, X. Shen, “An SMDP-Based Resource Allocation in Vehicular Cloud Computing Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 62(12): 7920–7928, Dec. 2015.

 

47. J. Qiao, X. Shen, J. W. Mark, L. Lei, “Video Quality Provisioning for Millimeter Wave 5G Cellular Networks With Link Outage”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 14(10): 5692–5703, Oct. 2015.

 

48. J. Qiao, X. Shen, J. W. Mark, Q. Shen, Y. He, and L. Lei, “Enabling Device-to-Device Communications in Millimeter Wave 5G Cellular Networks”, IEEE Communications Magazine, 53(1): 209–215, Jan. 2015.

 

49. L. Lei, X. Shen, M. Dohler, C. Lin, Z. Zhong, “Queuing Models with Applications to Mode Selection in Device-to-Device Communications Underlaying Cellular Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 13(12): 6697–6715, Dec. 2014.

 

50. L. Lei, H. Wang, C. Lin, Z. Zhong, “Wireless channel model using stochastic high-level Petri nets for cross-layer performance analysis in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing system”, IET Communications, 8(16): 2871–2880, Nov. 2014.

 

51. L. Lei, Y. Kuang, X. Shen, C. Lin, Z. Zhong, “Resource Control in Network Assisted Device-to-Device Communications: Solutions and Challenges”, IEEE Communications Magazine, 52(6): 108–117, June 2014.

 

52. L. Lei, Y. Zhang, X. Shen, C. Lin, Z. Zhong, “Performance Analysis of Device-to-Device Communications with Dynamic Interference using Stochastic Petri Nets”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 12(12): 6121–6141, Dec. 2013.

 

53. L. Lei, J. Zhao, Z. Zhong, K. Zheng, “Flow-Level Analysis of Energy Efficiency Performance for Device-to-Device Communications in OFDM Cellular Networks”, The Computer Journal, 56(8): 1001–1009, August 2013.

 

54. L. Lei, K. Zheng, J. Chen, H. Meng, and Z. Zhong, “Challenges on Wireless Heterogeneous Networks for Mobile Cloud Computing”, IEEE Wireless Communications, 20(3): 34–44, June 2013.

 

55. K. Zheng, F. Liu, L. Lei, C. Lin, Y. Jiang, “Stochastic Performance Analysis of a Wireless Finite-State Markov Channel”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 12(2): 782–793, Feb. 2013.

 

56. L. Lei, Z. Zhong, C. Lin, X. Shen, “Operator Controlled Device-to-Device Communications in LTE-Advanced Networks”, IEEE Wireless Communications, 19(3): 96–104, June 2012.

1. Qi, J., Lei, L. & Jonsson, T., “Hierarchical Deep Reinforcement Learning for Charging Scheduling of Electric Buses with Uncertainties”, in Proc. IEEE 27th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), 2024, pp. 1–6.

 

2. Liu, T., Lei, L., Liu, Z. & Zheng, K., “Jointly learning V2X communication and platoon control with deep reinforcement learning”, in Proc. IEEE 34th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), 2023, pp. 1–6.

 

3. Rouzbahani, H, Karimipour, H & Lei, L., “An Ensemble Deep Convolutional Neural Network Model for Electricity Theft Detection in Smart Grids”, in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), 2020, pp. 1–6.

 

4. Y. Tan, K. Zheng, L. Lei, “An In-Vehicle KWS System with Multi-Source Fusion for Vehicle Applications”, in Proc. IEEE WCNC, April 2019, pp. 1–6.

 

5. L. Hou, L. Lei, K. Zheng, “Design on Publish/Subscribe Message Dissemination for Vehicular Networks with Mobile Edge Computing”, in Proc. IEEE Globecom Workshops, Dec. 2017, pp. 1–6.

 

6. H. Yang, L. Zhao, L. Lei, K. Zheng, “A two-stage allocation scheme for delay-sensitive services in dense vehicular networks”, in Proc. IEEE ICC Workshops, May 2017, pp. 1358–1363.

 

7. R. Xu, L. Lei, X. Xiong, K. Zheng, H. Shen, “A software defined radio based IEEE 802.15.4k testbed for M2M applications”, in Proc. IEEE VTC Fall, September 2016, pp. 1–5.

 

8. L. Lei, “Stochastic Modeling of Device-to-Device Communications for Intelligent Transportation Systems”, in Proc. IEEE International Conference Telecommunications (ICT), May 2016, pp. 1–5.

 

9. H. Wang, L. Lei, K. Zheng, “Flow-level performance analysis of random wireless network using stochastic Petri Nets”, in Proc. IEEE International Conference Telecommunications (ICT), May 2016, pp. 1–5.

 

10. L. Lei, H. Wang, X. Shen, N. Cheng and Z. Zhong, “Flow-Level Performance of Device-to-Device Underlaid OFDM Cellular Networks”, in Proc. IEEE ICCC, Nov. 2015, pp. 12–17. (Best Paper Award)

 

11. L. Lei, H. Wang, X. Shen, Z. Zhong, K. Zheng, “Flow-Level Performance of Device-to-Device Overlaid OFDM Cellular Networks”, in Proc. WASA, August 2015, pp. 305–314. (Best Paper Award)

 

12. Y. Kuang, L. Lei and Z. Zhong, “Delay-Optimal Distributed Resource Allocation for Device-to-Device Communications,” in Proc. VTC Fall, September 2015, pp. 1–5.

 

13. S. Ou, L. Lei, K. Zheng, Y. Li, “Stochastic delay analysis of an architecture integrating VANET with LTE networks,” in Proc. IEEE Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), 2015, pp. 1–5.

 

14. Y. Li, L. Lei, Z. Zhong, S. Ou, “Stochastic Performance Analysis of Uplink Traffic in High-Speed Railway Scenario”, in Proc. International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing and Multimedia, December 2014, pp. 291–295.

 

15. X. Mou, L. Lei, Z. Zhong, “Performance Analysis of Resource Allocation Schemes in Device-to-Device Communications with Bursty Traffic,” in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Information Science and Applications (ICISA), July 2014, pp. 1–5.

 

16. L. Lei, Y. Han, Z. Zhong, C. Lin, “Performance Analysis of Device-to-Device Communications with Frequency Reuse using Stochastic Petri Nets”, in Proc. IEEE ICC, June 2013, pp. 4947–4952.

 

17. Y. Zhang, L. Lei, H. Long, K. Zheng, “Performance analysis of user association policies in small cell networks using Stochastic Petri Nets”, in Proc. IEEE ICC Workshops, June 2013, pp. 1194–1198.

 

18. Y. Li, L. Lei, Z. Zhong, S. Lin, “Performance analysis for high-speed railway communication network using stochastic network calculus”, in Proc. IET International Conference on Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (ICWMMN), Nov. 2013, pp. 1–5.

 

19. Y. Zhang, H. Long, F. Liu, W. Wang, L. Lei, “A QoE-aware method for energy efficient network selection”, in Proc. International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), Oct. 2012, pp. 1–5.

1. L. Lei, C. Lin, Z. Zhong, Stochastic PetriNets forWirelessNetworks, Springer International Publishing, ISBN 978-3-319-16882-1, April 2015.

 

2. Z. Zhong, B. Ai, G. Zhu, H. Wu, L. Xiong, F.G Wang, L. Lei, J. Ding, K. Guan, Dedicated Mobile Communications for High-speed Railway, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, ISBN 978-3-662-54858-5, 2018.

1. L. Lei, Y. Kuang, Node/Peer Discovery, Mode Selection, and Signaling for D2D Communication in LTE-A Band, Smart Device to Smart Device Communication, Springer International Publishing, pp. 41-88, ISBN 78-3-319-04962-5, Jan. 2014.

1. L. Lei, Y. Kuang, Node/Peer Discovery, Mode Selection, and Signaling for D2D Communication in LTE-A Band, Smart Device to Smart Device Communication, Springer International Publishing, pp. 41-88, ISBN 78-3-319-04962-5, Jan. 2014.

1. L. Lei, J. Wang, Y. Gao, and Z. Hu. Carrier configuring method, device and system, Issue date: 2015, 04, China, patent No.: 201010266556.7.

 

2. L. Lei and Z. Hu. Heterogeneous network cell measurement method, apparatus and system, Issue date: 2015, 02, China, patent No.: 201110020630.1.

 

3. L. Lei. Switching method and system in femto cell as well as user terminal and femto base station, Issue date: 2013, 09, China, patent No.: 200910237675.7.

 

4. L. Lei, C. Ouyang, and C. Cui. Frequency resource allocation method, home node B management system (HMS) and Femto eNB, Issue date: 2013,09, China, patent No.: 200910164834.5.

 

5. L. Lei. Method, system and device for preventing PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) interference between femto cells, Issue date: 2013, 07, China, patentNo.: 200910238058.9.

 

6. L. Lei and J. Wang. Multi-band based method for allocating frequency spectrum resources, device and system thereof, Issue date: 2012,12, China, patent No.: 200910076079.5.

 

7. L. Lei. Data retransmission method, device and system, Issue date: 2012,09, China, patent No.: 200910083871.3.

 

8. L. Lei, J.Wang, X. Xu, N. Hu. Method, equipment and system for indicating and detecting PDCCH in a carrier aggregation system, Issue date: 2012,10, China, patent No.: 200910176042.X.

 

9. L. Lei and J. Wang. Method, device and system for data distribution in LTE-A system, Issue date: 2012, 10, China, patent No.: 200910077919.X.

1. R1-090337, Resource Allocation and PDCCHDesign Issues in Carrier Aggregation, 3GPP RAN1 #55bis.

 

2. R1-090924, Resource Allocation and PDCCHDesign Issues in Carrier Aggregation, 3GPP RAN1 #56.

 

3. R1-091568, Consideration on reducing blind decoding attempts for separate PDCCH design, 3GPP RAN1 #56bis.

 

4. R1-091828, System Simulation Results on Carrier Aggregation for Bursty Traffic, 3GPP RAN1 #57.

 

5. R1-101391, Interference Coordination for HetNet with One or Multiple Component Carriers, 3GPP RAN1 #60.

 

6. R1-102160, Downlink interference coordination between Femto cells, 3GPP RAN1 #60bis.

 

7. R1-103235, Control channel performance considering downlink interference between the femto cells, 3GPP RAN1 #61.

 

8. R2-106381, Considerations on measurement resource restriction for eICIC, 3GPP RAN2 #72.

 

9. R2-110394, Measurement resource restriction patterns for inter-frequency measurement in eICIC, 3GPP RAN2 #72bis.

 

10. R3-103391, Some considerations on eICIC, 3GPP RAN3 #70bis.

 

11. R3-110657, Further considerations on interference from multiple macros to pico, 3GPP RAN3 #71.

 

12. R3-110658, OAM requirements for macro-pico eICIC, 3GPP RAN3 #71.

 

13. R3-110659, Enabling ABS pattern reporting from pico to macro, 3GPP RAN3 #71.

 

14. R4-091233, Performance EvaluationMethodology for Carrier Aggregation, 3GPP RAN4 #50bis.

 

15. R4-091232, Discussion on HeNB related interference scenarios and deployment configurations, 3GPP RAN4 #50bis.

 

16. R4-091787, Text proposal for TDD HeNB related interference scenarios and deployment configurations, 3GPP RAN4 #51.

 

17. R4-091788, Preliminary simulation results forHeNB output power impacts on macro cell downlink performance, 3GPP RAN4 #51.

 

18. R4-092260, Simulation results for downlink interference between HeNBs, 3GPP RAN4 #51bis.

 

19. R4-092872, Downlink interference coordination between HeNBs, 3GPP RAN4 #52.

 

20. R4-093439,Way forward on HeNB interference management, 3GPP RAN4 #52.

 

21. R4-093610, Simulation results for uplink interference between HeNBs, 3GPP RAN4 #52bis.

 

22. R4-093611, Summary of HeNB interference management methods based on different interference scenarios, 3GPP RAN4 #52bis.

 

23. R4-100178, Text proposal on LTE TDD HeNB interference control, 3GPP RAN4 #AdHoc 1.

 

24. R4-100704, Text proposal on LTE TDD HeNB interference control, 3GPP RAN4 #54.